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LAW 03 / 03 · FIRST EDITION

Evidence and facts

Separate observations, reports, and inferences.

Updated 2026-09-22 · AI-assisted draft; independent review pending

“I paid” and “They intended to deceive me” are different claims. The first may be supported by a payment record; the second makes an inference about intention. You can record a suspicion while identifying what supports it and what remains unknown.

A screenshot is not self-explanatory. Its source, completeness, and connection to the event matter. A payment image alone may not show what the payment was for. Whether material is admissible in a particular proceeding depends on local rules.

Keep original files and context, and prepare a separate chronological account. Do not alter originals to make the story cleaner. Use fictional material for this exercise, avoid exposing personal information, and never access someone else’s account to gather material.

TRY IT YOURSELF

Make your understanding visible

Separate checkable statements and inference in: “He ignored me after payment, so he is a fraud.”

Compare with a reference response

Checkable: payment time and amount, agreed terms, message dates, and replies. Inference: the person’s intention. Missing: whether delivery was due, alternative explanations, and whether messages were received.

Sources & further reading

Cornell LII · Evidence (US context)

Links checked during preparation on 2026-09-22. External texts belong to their respective rightsholders. Activities and worked examples are original unless stated otherwise.